Seismic refraction is an acoustic method primarily used for oil & gas exploration but now routinely used to solve engineering and geotechnical problems.

Sound energy is input into the ground using a hammer or buffalo gun and the resulting sound waves into the soil and along the layer boundaries. A number of geophone receivers record the “echoes” from the source and time their arrival to within 1ms.

This information is then used to ascertain the speed of sound within the medium, whether it be soil, rock or boulder clay and modelled to determine the variation in depth of the various geological layers.

The resulting geophysical data can then be correlated to any borehole logs available along the route as well as any geological information available from previous surveys. After correlation a precise geological model showing thicknesses of the different strata can be produced for the entire pipeline route.

03/12/2010 05:00 AM
Former Bechtel Power Executive M. Richard Smith Joins SkyFuel. Founder, Dr. Arnold Leitner Leaving. img hspace="10" vspace="5" align="left" width="110" src="http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/assets/logos/6720-skyfuel.jpg" /

03/12/2010 05:00 AM
Solar FlexRack Chosen for One of Largest Solar Projects in North America img hspace="10" vspace="5" align="left" width="110" src="http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/assets/logos/solar-flexrack.jpg" / Solar FlexRack, a product of Northern States Metals, has been selected to provide rack systems for a major solar energy project in San Antonio, Texas that will begin this spring.

Renewable Energy News Headlines provided by RenewableEnergyWorld.com - the leading online publisher of renewable energy news and information world-wide.